- Various presentations of family violence, especially elder abuse.

- Signs of decline in cognitive function suggestive of dementia.

- Obvious signs of tooth decay or mottling, inflamed or cyanotic gingiva, loose teeth, and severe halitosis.

- Skin lesions with malignant features.

Older persons, smokers, diabetics - Symptoms of peripheral arterial disease.

Smokers, older persons who drink alcohol regularly - Symptoms and signs of oral cancer and premalignancy.